Mass
The quantity of matter present in a substance is called its mass. Under ordinary conditions the mass is a constant quantity and it is a measure of inertia. If the body is heavier then it will possess greater inertia and in case of lighter body, the inertia will be less.
Weight
The force exerted by the earth on a body is called the Weight of the body and the force is directed towards the centre of the earth. The weight of a body deep ends upon the value of ‘g’
Derivation of Equation W = mg
We know this fact by experiment that a freely falling body irrespective of its mass experiences an acceleration due to gravity denoted by ‘g’ and it acts towards the centre of the earth.
From Second Law of Motion we have:
F = m a
For freely falling bodies
a = g
F = W
Hence W = mg
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